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斷奶日齡和斷奶后的保育管理對(duì)提高體重較輕仔豬的生產(chǎn)性能具有重要意義

發(fā)布單位:天津瑞孚農(nóng)牧科技集團(tuán)有限公司

查看次數(shù)：7166

時(shí)間：2019-12-27

本研究旨在探討斷奶日齡、斷奶體重及飼喂方式對(duì)斷奶后仔豬生產(chǎn)性能的影響。重點(diǎn)放在體重較輕的仔豬上，因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苄枰^長(zhǎng)的日齡或提供一種特殊的飼喂管理方式才能更好地?cái)嗄獭?10頭母豬分娩的2周齡以上仔豬中選擇試驗(yàn)對(duì)象（n = 1448），分別稱重，并在出生時(shí)進(jìn)行形態(tài)測(cè)量。
仔豬在同一天斷奶，但由于出生日期的不同導(dǎo)致斷奶日齡的不同（平均日齡34.1d，SD = 2.5）。最年輕的50%在斷奶時(shí)被歸類為Y組，最年長(zhǎng)的50%被歸類為O組；在一個(gè)年齡組中，體重最輕的50%被歸類為L(zhǎng)類，體重最重的50%被歸類為H類，并被相應(yīng)地放置。分別在斷奶時(shí)、斷奶后第7周和第15周稱重。斷奶時(shí)，Y組比O組豬小6 d，輕1.4kg，L比H豬輕3.2kg。豬被隨機(jī)分配到三階段優(yōu)級(jí)保育管理組（SUP）或?qū)φ毡Ｓ芾恚–ON）組中，與CON相比，SUP組第一和第二階段飼料的供應(yīng)量（以kg/豬為基礎(chǔ)）高出65%。
試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)表明，Y組從斷奶～斷奶后7周仔豬死亡率高于O組（9.14%和4.98%，P = 0.046）。與預(yù)期一樣，斷奶日齡和體重顯著（P < 0.001）影響了斷奶后7周和15周的仔豬生產(chǎn)性能：在15周時(shí)，Y組斷奶的豬只比O組輕5.5kg； L類豬只體重比H類輕9.0kg。據(jù)估計(jì)，與O組L類斷奶仔豬相比，YL斷奶仔豬要達(dá)到60kg體重需要多4d的時(shí)間（P = 0.018）。采食量沒有受到管理方式、日齡和體重、以及他們相互作用的影響。生長(zhǎng)性能沒有受到管理方式的影響（P > 0.05），但是斷奶后7周仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能是受體重×管理方式雙因素影響的（P = 0.044）：L組SUP豬只比CON重1.2kg，但H組的豬只情況并非如此。YL豬和OL豬在斷奶后7周內(nèi)的生產(chǎn)性能與出生重、顱圍比和斷奶重呈正相關(guān)（P < 0.05），對(duì)于后者，額外的性能預(yù)測(cè)因子是斷奶日齡（P= 0.044）和飼喂方式（P = 0.027）。L組豬只斷奶后7周內(nèi)的生長(zhǎng)可通過增加保育日糧獲得改善。然而，較晚斷奶能夠促進(jìn)L類仔豬的生長(zhǎng)性能達(dá)到正常的體重，這表明這可能是一種更長(zhǎng)久更有效益的策略。

Weaning age and post-weaning nursery feeding regime are important in improving the performance of lightweight pigs
The aim was to investigate the effect of weaning age, weaning weight, and nursery feeding regime on post-weaning performance. The focus was on pigs weaned light, as they may be better off when weaned at a later age and/or offered a specialist nursery feeding regime. Piglets (n = 1,448) from one farrowing batch of 110 sows that farrowed over 2 wk were individually weighed and their morphometric measurements were taken at birth. Pigs were weaned on the same day, but variation in birth date resulted in variable weaning ages (mean age day 34.1, SD = 2.5). The youngest 50% at weaning were classified Y and the oldest 50% as O; within an age class, the lightest 50% were classified L, the heaviest 50% as H, and housed accordingly. Pigs were individually weighed at weaning, 7 and 15 wk post-weaning. At weaning, Y were 6 d younger and 1.4 kg lighter than O pigs, whereas L were 3.2 kg lighter than H pigs. Pigs were randomly allocated to a 3-stage superior (SUP) or control (CON) nursery feeding regime, with SUP pigs having a 65% greater allowance (on a kg/pig basis) of the first and second stage feeds than the CON. Pigs weaned Y had a higher mortality rate from weaning to 7 wk post-weaning than pigs weaned O (9.14% vs. 4.98%; P = 0.046). As expected, age and weight significantly (P < 0.001) affected performance to both 7 and 15 wk post-weaning: at 15-wk pigs weaned Y were 5.5 kg lighter than pigs weaned O; pigs weaned L were 9.0 kg lighter than H pigs. It was estimated that pigs weaned YL needed ~4 d more (P = 0.018) to reach 60 kg BW than pigs weaned OL. Feed intake was not affected by feeding regime, age and weight, or their interactions. Performance was not affected by feeding regime (P > 0.05), but was affected by the weight × feeding regime interaction (P = 0.044) to 7 wk post-weaning: L pigs on SUP were 1.2 kg heavier than L pigs on the CON regime; this was not the case for the H pigs. Performance up to 7 wk post-weaning was positively associated with birth weight to cranial circumference ratio and weaning weight (P < 0.05) for both YL and OL pigs; for the latter, additional performance predictors were weaning age (P = 0.044) and feeding (P = 0.027). Improved growth for L pigs up to 7 wk post-weaning could be obtained by a greater allowance of the nursery diets. However, weaning at a later age benefitted the performance of L pigs to a common BW, suggesting that this might be a strategy with longer term benefits.

文章來源：豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)國(guó)際論壇
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